Immunology in Zika Virus Infection and Disease
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چکیده
Further investigation of the role of each type of these cytokines during Zika virus infection is urgently needed. The dendritic cell (DC) is one of the main target cells during infection by various flaviviruses, for examples, DENV, WNV and presumably the most potent antigen-presenting cell (APC)s. Blood DCs of convalescent Zika-virus infection patients demonstrated similarly effective antigen capturing functions as those of healthy donors, which indicates recovery from Zika virus disease could be related to restoration of normal APC function. The monocyte is another important innate-immune-cell type targeted by various flaviviruses, and triggers robust pro-inflammatory cytokine and chemokine responses upon infection. Monocytosis is already known to occur in DENV and WNV infections. Some patients with Zika virus disease are reported to have monocytosis during the acute phase, but become normal during the convalescent phase. Unlike DENV infection, no “cytokine storm effects” were identified in the serum during the acute phase of Zika-virus-disease patients with more pronounced elevation of chemokines than inflammatory cytokines. So, the role of monocytes in Zika virus infection remains undefined.
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